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Spanish Adjective Position

Learn when Spanish adjectives go before or after nouns. Master the rules for adjective placement in Spanish

intermediate
10 min read

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Spanish Adjective Position Overview

In Spanish, adjective position is more flexible than in English, but there are important rules to follow. The position of an adjective can change its meaning or emphasis. General Rule: Most descriptive adjectives go after the noun, but some common adjectives go before the noun. Key Concept: Position affects meaning and style in Spanish.

Examples

un coche rojo
a red car (descriptive - after noun)
una buena idea
a good idea (evaluative - before noun)
mi mejor amigo
my best friend (superlative - before noun)

Adjectives That Go After the Noun

Most Spanish adjectives go after the noun they modify. This is the default position.

Physical Description Adjectives

Adjectives describing physical appearance, color, shape, and size typically go after the noun:
una casa blanca
a white house
un hombre alto
a tall man
una mesa redonda
a round table
ojos azules
blue eyes

Nationality and Origin Adjectives

Adjectives indicating nationality, origin, or group membership always go after the noun:
comida mexicana
Mexican food
vino francés
French wine
música clásica
classical music
literatura española
Spanish literature

Technical and Scientific Adjectives

Adjectives with technical, scientific, or specific meanings go after the noun:
energía solar
solar energy
medicina natural
natural medicine
análisis químico
chemical analysis
sistema nervioso
nervous system

Adjectives That Go Before the Noun

Certain adjectives typically go before the noun. These are often common, subjective, or evaluative adjectives.

Common Evaluative Adjectives

These common adjectives usually go before the noun: bueno/a (good) malo/a (bad) grande (big/great) pequeño/a (small) nuevo/a (new) viejo/a (old)
una buena película
a good movie
un mal día
a bad day
una gran oportunidad
a great opportunity
mi viejo amigo
my old friend

Numbers and Quantifiers

Numbers, ordinals, and quantifying adjectives go before the noun:
tres libros
three books
el primer capítulo
the first chapter
muchas personas
many people
pocos estudiantes
few students

Possessive and Demonstrative Adjectives

Possessive and demonstrative adjectives always go before the noun:
mi casa
my house
tu hermana
your sister
este libro
this book
aquella montaña
that mountain (over there)

Adjectives That Change Meaning by Position

Some adjectives have different meanings depending on whether they go before or after the noun. This is a key feature of Spanish adjective position.

Grande: Size vs. Greatness

Grande changes meaning based on position: Before noun: great, important (figurative) After noun: big, large (physical size)
un gran hombre
a great man (important, admirable)
un hombre grande
a big man (physically large)
una gran idea
a great idea (excellent)
una casa grande
a big house (large size)

Viejo: Age vs. Former

Viejo changes meaning based on position: Before noun: old (long-standing relationship), former After noun: old (age)
mi viejo amigo
my old friend (long-time friend)
un hombre viejo
an old man (elderly)
el viejo presidente
the former president

Nuevo: Different vs. Recent

Nuevo changes meaning based on position: Before noun: new (different, another) After noun: new (recently made/acquired)
mi nuevo coche
my new car (different car, recently acquired)
un coche nuevo
a new car (recently manufactured)
una nueva oportunidad
a new opportunity (different opportunity)

Pobre: Unfortunate vs. Not Rich

Pobre changes meaning based on position: Before noun: poor (unfortunate, pitiful) After noun: poor (not wealthy)
el pobre hombre
the poor man (unfortunate man)
un hombre pobre
a poor man (not wealthy)
la pobre niña
the poor girl (pitiful)

Multiple Adjectives Position

When using multiple adjectives with one noun, follow these rules: Rule 1: Adjectives that normally go before stay before Rule 2: Adjectives that normally go after stay after Rule 3: Use "y" (and) to connect adjectives in the same position

Examples

una buena película española
a good Spanish movie (buena before, española after)
mis tres libros favoritos
my three favorite books (tres before, favoritos after)
una casa grande y blanca
a big and white house (both after, connected by y)
un buen vino francés
a good French wine (buen before, francés after)

Stylistic and Emphatic Position

Sometimes adjectives can be moved for stylistic effect or emphasis: Poetic/Literary Style: Descriptive adjectives before noun for poetic effect Emphasis: Moving an adjective to unusual position for emphasis Subjective Opinion: Personal opinions often go before noun This is more advanced and used in literature, poetry, or for special emphasis.

Examples

la blanca nieve
the white snow (poetic - normally "nieve blanca")
una increíble historia
an incredible story (emphasis - could be "historia increíble")
sus hermosos ojos
her beautiful eyes (subjective opinion before noun)
la fría mañana
the cold morning (literary style)

Common Position Mistakes

Here are common mistakes Spanish learners make with adjective position: Mistake 1: Putting nationality adjectives before noun Mistake 2: Putting color adjectives before noun Mistake 3: Not recognizing meaning changes with position Mistake 4: Incorrect multiple adjective order Learning correct position makes your Spanish sound natural and avoids confusion.

Examples

la española comida la comida española
Wrong: the Spanish food → Right: the Spanish food
el rojo coche el coche rojo
Wrong: the red car → Right: the red car
un hombre gran un gran hombre (great) / un hombre grande (big)
Wrong: a man great → Right: a great man / a big man